The phd thesis is an investigation into how the coal layers were formed. Maturity variations and implications for local and regional burial models the central tertiary basin is. Unpublished diploma thesis, unis, longyearbyen and ludwigmaximiliansuniversitat, munchen. Geology of svalbard a continuous succession rocks can be found on svalbard ranging from precambrium to tertiary.
Economic geology, august 20it is difficult to specify the readership that would benefit most from this book, but advanced students of economic geology, mining engineering and environmental studies would certainly find much of interest by perusal of selected. The geologica l map of svalbard also below here gives a stratigraphic overview of the geology of svalbard. The international journal of coal geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oilgas source rocks and shale gas resources. However, the significant differences and similarities between the. Scattering intensity increases as the square of the difference in sld between the pore and its host material. Sep 04, 2008 coal provides electricity, heat, employment and economic stability for svalbard. But this coal is also used to hydro liquefaction and power production. Green represents carboniferous and permian rock, the subject of. Spitsbergen, hydrocarbons, barents shelf, drilling, history, petroleum geology, coal, scientific drilling received 22. Kinney estimated alaska coal resources are largely in cretaceous and tertiary rocks distributed in three major provinces.
International journal of coal geology 70 2007 the jurassic coal is a black coal of waxy and resinous behavior. Arctic geology unis the university centre in svalbard. In svalbard, the history and the develop ment of the local settlements is the result of the geological occurrence of coal. Coal geology, second edition thomas wiley online library. A few decades ago most coal was used for space heating. Underground mining currently accounts for about 60 per cent of world coal production but around 80 per cent of australias coal is produced from opencut mines. Earth history from the days of the dinosaurs through the coal age and more recent landscapeforming processes including glaciers and permafrost are briefly explained on 36 pages. The firkanten formation reflects the start of paleocene sedimentation on. Coal geology download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore svalbard.
The geology of svalbard encompasses the geological description of rock types found in svalbard, and the associated tectonics and sedimentological history of soils and rocks. Svalbard has a very rich, a diverse and long, geologic history that makes it somewhat of a mecca for geologists, a place where a great variety of geology is on display and where much can be learned. Cold coast archipelago, part of norway, located in the arctic ocean well north of the arctic circle. End comes to 100 years of norwegian coal mining at svalbard. Spitsbergen, hydrocarbons, barents shelf, drilling, history, petroleum geology, coal, scientific drilling. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Knowledge about coal must be obtained from coal geology and coal geochemistry. Properties of coal the coal blocks used in this experiment were excavated from the no. Coal ohio division of mineral resources management. In the middle of the carboniferous 330 million years ago, svalbard was inundated by a. International journal of coal geology volume 143, 1 april 2015, pages 110 geochemistry and petrology of palaeocene coals from spitzbergen part 2. Namibias varied geology encompasses rocks of archaean to phanerozoic age, thus covering more than 2600 million years of earth history. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.
Svalbard is a natural archive for geology and natural history that is of great scientific value. Alaska coal geology, resources, and coalbed methane potential. Mining geology books pdf download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. British coal production mitchell, 1998b, for production through 1980, and bp, 2010 for more recent production. Green represents carboniferous and permian rock, the subject of this field work. Coal introduction coal is one of ohios most valuable mineral resources and the nations most abundant fossil fuel. Oct 12, 2017 only mine no 7, a smaller deposit, is to be kept in operation in order to provide supplies to the local coalfuelled power plant. International journal of coal geology editorial board. Coal provides electricity, heat, employment and economic stability for svalbard. July 2019 petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore svalbard. Svalbard an uplifted part of the barents sea the barents sea svalbard is bordered to the.
Svalbard represents the uplifted and exhumed part of the barents sea postdevonian rocks on svalbard can be considered as field analogues for many of the source and reservoir rocks in the deeper part of the barents sea svalbard. Svalbard tells a fantastic history through the seemingly unremarkable rocks of the darkshaded mountain ranges that lie. Interior structure is obtained via xray ct and strength measured under uniaxial con. Hornsund, for example, is surrounded by jagged mountain ridges. The oldest formations, the socalled basement, including precambrian, cambrian and ordovician rocks, occur as a belt along the westcoast of spitsbergen, in a large area between wijdefjorden and hinlopenstretet in the north, as well as in the northern part of nordaustlandet and in the southern part. The sectio n of coal beari ng strata fro m oltu open pit area and imag es of coal sample s. The geology of the ispallen area, svalbard, with emphasis on the coal bearing firkanten formation. The sparse vegetation means that the history of the evolution of the earth and geological processes are unusually distinct. Coal formation on svalbard 60 million years ago unis. Handson field activities are closely integrated with stateoftheart classroom education and.
It was run by the norwegian stateownd snsk, where they claim to have run a profitable mining business in the years following 2000. The seafloor spreading began in earnest in the early tertiary. An unspecified number of coal seams and lenses are present in the upper c 300 m thick formation of 0. Recent international journal of coal geology articles. Author links open overlay panel chris marshall a jacob. The whole of the svalbard region became a land area in the late cretaceous. Since most of the coal ash placement sites described in this book are in the anthracite coal fields, the geology of the anthracite region is emphasized. Svalbard has bedrock from almost every geological period, as well as rich occurrences of fossils. The object of the book is to provide the reader with a with a. Coal is mined by both surface or opencut or opencast and underground or deep mining methods, depending on the local geology of the deposit. Geochemistry and petrology of palaeocene coals from. Recent international journal of coal geology articles recently published articles from international journal of coal geology.
Coal geology, second edition, offers a thoroughly revised and updated edition of this popular book which provides a comprehensive overview of the field of coal geology. Rutledge international journal of coal geology 85 2011 2333. Outline of the physical geography and geology of svalbard. Request pdf geochemistry and petrology of palaeocene coals from spitzbergen part 2.
A holistic approach to studies of the origin of coal and coal macerals, which includes not only petrographic but also chemical and biological studies, is advocated. Economic geology principles and practice wiley online books. Wright abstract the stratigraphic column in svalbard is peculiarly rich in coal, continental coal bearing sequences occurring in at least six separate stratigraphic units, ranging in age from givetian to oligocene. Already the whalers knew early in the 17th century that there was coal to be found, but the first coal was brought from svalbard to the mainland with the purpose of selling it there in 1899. Coal geology of illinois 2010 keystone coal industry manual 456 illinois the coalfields of illinois, indiana, and western kentucky constitute the eastern region of the interior coal province, known better as the illinois basin. Svalbard is a natural archive for geology and natural history that is. In this short article, the origin of coal, coal geology, coal classification, coal exploration and mining, coal geochemistry, and coal mineralogy are introduced. Thus scattering from mineral inclusions in coal contributes much less to the total scattering intensity than do pores in the coal. The paleocene firkanten formation cb1 is the principal source of coal in svalbard, being mined at longyearbyen.
Deposition of early carboniferous coalbearing prerift. Kendall as outlined in the preface of this volume, this is intended as a basic guide for the coal geologists to use in their everyday activities, but it is not intended to be a definitive work on. In one of the first geological maps of spitsbergen, the topmost strata at sylfjellet. Pdf petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore svalbard. As opposed to longyearbyen and nyalesund, mining was done on a large scale in sveagruva in van mijenfjord until 2015. Environmental assessment of elements and polyaromatic hydrocarbons emitted from a canadian coal.
Geologyguide for the longyearbyen area spitsbergen svalbard. About half of the countrys surface area is bedrock exposure, while the remainder is covered by cenozoic deposits of the kalahari and namib deserts. Pdf stratigraphy of the uppermost old red sandstone of svalbard. Spitsbergen formerly west spitsbergen, north east land, edge island, barents island. The land area is 61,022 km 2 23,561 sq mi, and dominated by the island of spitsbergen, which constitutes more than half the archipelago, followed by nordaustlandet and edgeoya.
About 36,800 square miles in illinois are underlain by the coal bearing. Deposition of early carboniferous coal bearing prerift fluvial deposits. In the middle of the carboniferous 330 million years ago, svalbard was inundated by a shallow, subtropical sea. The climate of svalbard became much cooler due to both its slow, northern drift and because of global cooling in general.
Svalbards geological development the cruise handbook for. The diverse geology of svalbard has resulted in a wide range of landscapes. As in central america today, huge rain forests covered parts of the island, which turned later into the coal that was mined in pyramiden until 1998. This survey of wyomings powder river coal basin was done in june 1980, with emphasis on coal geology and specifically environments of coal deposition.
Towards the end of the tertiary period, the tectonic plate pressure lessened and svalbard experienced intense subsequent faulting and volcanism. Coal geology covers all aspects of coal geology in one volume, bridging the gap between the academic aspects and the practical role of geology in the coal industry. Recent research on the origin of coal macerals is presented and there is a discussion of the problems and challenges facing coal petrologists. Mineral resources in norway the norwegian mining and. Geochemistry and petrology of palaeocene coals from spitzbergen part 2. Pdf between the fjords dicksonfjorden and billefjorden in central spitsbergen, svalbards youngest. The northwestern corner of europe was torn from greenland along an enormous fault, and during this process western spitsbergen was folded up to form a new mountain chain. Svea nord was the most productive mine ever in the mining history of spitsbergen. Svalbard spitsbergen barentsburg, coal svea nord, coal gruve 7, coal 8 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 1991 1994 1997 2000 2004 mill. Anthracite, bituminous, coke, pictures, formation, uses. Petrography and geochemical affinities of spitsbergen. There it is used to heat steam, and the steam is used to drive mechanical devices. Petrogeologist study geology to find mine, coal, or oil deposit.
There is also an extensive reference list, which will be a significant bibliographic resource for researchers of svalbard geology. Finkelman d astate key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining, china university of mining and technology, china. Coal geology, as an important field in coal science, deals not only with the formation, distribution, composition and character of the coals, but also with the exploration, extraction, and utilization of coal resources. The geology of the anthracite and bituminous coal regions of pennsylvania is fundamental to most of the contents of this book. Svalbard comprises all islands between latitude 74 north and latitude 81 north. Geology is an interesting subject in knowing history of earth creation, creature evolution, ancient earth life and earth condition in the past. Alaska coal geology, resources, and coalbed methane potential by romeo m. Situated north of mainland europe, it is about midway between continental norway and the north pole. The unique geology of svalbard and its presentday cryosphere provide superb opportunities to study geoscience. The arctic geology courses at unis are therefore built to take full advantage of having a high arctic field setting on our doorstep. Part 4 comprises a summary of the economic aspects of svalbard geology and three alphabetical lists as reference aids namely place names, stratigraphic names and general index. Outline of the geography and geology of svalbard by olafur ingolfsson, professor of quaternary geology, university of iceland and unis geography svalbard is an archipelago in the arctic ocean, located about midway between norway and the north pole. For almost a hundred years much of the practice of geology has centered around exploration for such fossil fuels, as well as for the hard or metallic minerals.
Coal geology, as an important field in coal science, deals not only with the formation, distribution, composition and character of the coals, but also with the exploration, extraction, and utilization of coal. Msc unpublished masters thesis, ludwigmaximiliansuniversistat university centre in svalbard. The results from this investigation provide a better understanding of the amount of coal present at svalbard, in addition to a better general understanding of the formation of coal in coastal. The svalbard treaty of 1920 defines svalbard as all islands, islets and skerries from 74 to 81 north latitude, and from 10 to 35 east longitude. Coal geology is the study of a field that concentrates on the origin, occurring relationships and geological characteristics of coal and similarly treated rocks. Maturity variations and implications for local and regional burial models. Some coal is still used that way, but other fuels and coal produced electricity are now used instead. Petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore svalbard norwegian. The geological exploration of svalbard is an ongoing activity, and recent understandings may differ from earlier interpretatio. For palynology, two coal samples osl164 and osl167. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness. The basement the largescale features of the svalbard geology are relatively simple.
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